I doubt that it will ever happen
I doubt that it will ever happen
India doesn't have a space program, it's less than an Hollywood movie's budget, they just try to parade as a space power copy pasting old designs for cheap, like a hundreds of other nations have the capability to but don't because it's pointless. China is a bit more serious about it but it's still some attempt at soft power, they have nothing disruptive either, recycling nasa tech decades behind the curve (while claiming they are being copied, which is hilarious)
Mars settlements will certainly begin before the end of the century, it has to be terraformed in some way to make it livable for larger scales migrations, in order to not live like worms underground or with spacesuits on at all time. The temperature is not even the main issue, it's the lack of magnetic field, we either need to create an artificial one under domes or restart it's inner core somehow so it shields any living thing from deadly radiations at the surface.
Second best candidate is Titan, actually more habitable than Mars but much further away, we would need some leapfrog in state of the art propulsion first, something like 1/100 of the speed of light to make it a bearable journey for humans, and at least 1/10 to get out of the solar system. Voyager is gone for 50 years and barely in the heliosphere right now traveling at only about 1/1000 the speed of light, yet it's a tiny probe and not a spaceship. Distances are always gonna be the first limitation, until we find a way to bend the fabric of spacetime in some way and understand how gravity really actually works, which is the key to crack it all.
Either way the dystopian scenari of Elysian is more likely to happen first than colonizing planets per say on large scale, due to private sectors rather than nations, when the riches will get sick of living amongst +10 billions subhumans on a 3rd world trashbin earth.
It will never happen. Space colonization is gnostic nonsense.
Did you say they launched a probe outside the solar system to serve as an explorer? What is that probe called?
In fact, the key will be when an engine or superpropeller or something like that is invented, an artifact like those seen in science fiction novels like Star Trek, something that allows a spaceship to travel light years and reduce time, another option is to send an ark ship, with a volunteer crew, to colonize a planet. The problem is that if the planet is outside the solar system, that ship would take thousands or even millions of (earth) years to arrive and avoid the possible catastrophes that could prevent you from reaching your destination.
Even what is seen in movies like Elysium, space technology has to advance a lot, to create something like a halo or space ring,
In any case, it is possible that companies and corporations little by little come to have more power than the governments themselves, and these are the ones who will direct space colonization. In fact, they are already starting with private companies like Space X, so in the future they can There are 2 options, the first is that there comes a point where all human governments are reunited into one called the government of the earth, and the second is that private companies rise and they are the ones who govern.
Several probes were already sent out since the 70's with sufficient escape velocity to reach interstellar space but none of them have passed the Oort cloud yet
https://www.nasa.gov/images/content/...43_946-710.jpg
https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.ne...width-1024.jpg
The closest system, Proxima Centauri is still thousands of times more distant than what they travelled so far in 50 years. They are not heading there anyway and Voyager's plutonium battery will be depleted in a few years. It could still transmit some faint signals but we would need some 100km wide antena to capture it back on earth. Voyager is like a bottle in the sea at this point, yet one of these probes might reach another civilization one day. Even if it was in a million years, that would be the blink of an eye compared to the age of star systems around.
This is too complicated and expensive, and requires the pooling of almost all the planet's resources in one hand (while they are not yet exhausted). Therefore, such planetary tasks require a change in the goal setting of society - plan instead of market, cooperation instead of competition, an idea instead of personal profit, positivism instead of depression, plus inevitably a course towards smoothing out national and religious differences.
Otherwise, humanity has a chance to flush all its remaining resources down the toilet and finally degrade to the state of animals, and forget about space forever.