Lower Xiajiadian-mediated connection between pop. akin to O-M122>CTS7645 & Japanese O1b2-CTS713 pop.

[Oasis]

In Inoue and Sato, 2023, a new mutation CTS7645 was reported for one of yDNA O1b2-47z>…>CTS713 branches, which is absent on the yFULL site or on the ISOGG site:
https://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpO.html
O1b2a1a1 CTS713, CTS7776, CTS8032, CTS10145, CTS10341, CTS10674, CTS11723, CTS11986, K7
O1b2a1a1a CTS1875, CTS7465, CTS8777
O1b2a1a1a1 CTS10682, CTS1966,CTS3764.2, CTS3926, CTS6725, CTS7366, CTS8034, Z24596
O1b2a1a1b Z24598, Z24599
O1b2a1a1c CTS203, CTS6622, CTS9892

Nonetheless, the mutation CTS7645 is present in one of the branches of yDNA O-M122>…>L465>CTS727, akin to Han Chinese.



In 2021, in "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago", the connection formed between the Japanese yDNA O1b2-47z>…>CTS713* sample and the Late Neolithic Yellow River Haojiatai HJTM109 yDNA O-M122>…>L465>CTS727 sample, which is mediated by the Lower Xiajiadian culture’s yDNA O-M122>…>L465>IMS-JST002611 sample. Since both main branches of yDNA O-M122>…>L465 are simultaneously involved (CTS727 and IMS-JST002611), it should cover a CTS7645-affiliated population as well, thus, populations of millet farming cultures, the closest one being the Lower Xiajiadian culture, mediated the appearance of the yDNA O-M122>…>L465-related population’s component in the Japanese yDNA O1b2-47z>…>CTS713* sample in "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago".

[Oasis]

In 1934, the stone burial chamber of an ancient burial mound was accidentally discovered during construction of the Kyoto Imperial University's seismic observatory on the 281.1 meter Mount Abu. There was no indication at ground level that this was a kofun, but further investigate determined that it had originally been a circular enpun (円墳)-style tumulus with a diameter of 82 meters, surrounded by a dry moat and rows of cylindrical haniwa. The burial chamber contained a coffin stand, on top of which was a sarcophagus made by hardening cloth with lacquer in multiple layers. The outside was painted with black lacquer and the inside with red lacquer. This was a unique discovery, made even more so when it w was discovered that inside was the almost complete mummified remains of a man in his 60s, complete with hair and clothing. There were no mirrors, swords, jewels or other grave goods, but the body appeared to have been wrapped in brocade, with many gold threads were scattered from the chest to the head, which was resting on a pillow made of woven glass beads. On April 29, 1934, the discovery was made public by the Osaka Asahi Shimbun, and quickly attracted crowds of spectators due to speculation that it was the grave of Asuka period nobleman Fujiwara no Kamatari.
[…]
A 1987 analysis revealed that the deceased had a strong bone structure and an athletic body, with the so-called pitcher's elbow. The cause of death was complications from injuries to the vertebral column and lumbar vertebrae sustained from a fall, as if from horseback or a high ground. The injury is thought to have left the lower body paralyzed and could have caused secondary complications such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection. The cause of death matches that of Kamatari's, who is recorded to have died from a fall from horseback.

The distribution of gold threads was determined to have been from the embroidery thread for a taishokkan woven kanmuri, which could have been used only by a noble of the highest rank. Together with the lacquered coffins and the glass-ball pillows, it was concluded that it is highly likely that the tomb was that of the 7th century statesman and aristocrat Fujiwara no Kamatari.

In "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago", it is possible to observe that the Japanese sample, belonging to the branch of yDNA O-47z>CTS713, to which Fujiwara clans are claimed to belong, aligned with “Shandong Han-like” yDNA O-M122 Lower Xiajiadian Late Neolithic (with Early Bronze age weapons) “millet farmer-related” person even better than a generic yDNA O1b2-CTS713* Japanese sample from the previous post. Why is it so?

The “Fujiwara-related” Japanese sample also plotted the closest to a Korean sample, who in its turn is the closest to Japanese samples out of all Korean samples. It points to the connection via the area of the former state of Paekche, one of the closest neighbors of Japan on the Korean Peninsula.

It is likely that the autosomally Lower Xiajiadian-like Sinitic (ancient Chinese) inhabitants of the Lelang Commandery, being strengthened by inhabitants of the Kingdom of Puyo, an ally of the Han Dynasty and later Chinese states, came to Japan prior to the beginning of the Kofun Period in Japan, bringing new practices with them. The ancestors of the Fujiwara clan mixed with these populations, being aligned with them, which ensured the superiority of Fujiwara ancestors over other clans and gradual replacement of other clans by Fujiwaras. Unlike this, the migration of some of yDNA O1b2-L682>O1b2-A23653-related populations to Japan from Korea was a different later event in accordance with the order of events in “Japan considered from the hypothesis of farmer/language spread”.

Interestingly, the Longshan Pingliangtai mtDNA F2h sample, containing a rice farming component, which is different from Lower Xiajiadian millet farmers, belongs to mtDNA F, while the mtDNA of Shoo Nei, the king of the Japonic-speaking Ryukyu Kingdom, is claimed to have belonged mtDNA F, despite the rarity of mtDNA F among modern descendants of Ryukyuan commoners. Relative to other Japanese, the “Fujiwara-related” Japanese sample is also shifted in the direction of the Longshan Pingliangtai mtDNA F2h sample, but since there is one more such a sample in the similar position, who belongs to the 2400-3400-year-old yDNA branch of a distant Fujiwara relative, such a clustering of two samples, lineages of whom diverged 2400-3400 years ago, may denote the common geographic origin closer to the part of Japan, facing Korea (taking into account that Koreans plot in a different way from those two Japanese men). Such information on Fujiwara prehistory could be obtained, using "Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago".

[Oasis]

There is still a mystery about the initial origin of Fujiwara ancestors.

Barnyard millet in the burials of Northern Fujiwara
From Hudson, Mark J. “Ainu Ethnogenesis and the Northern Fujiwara.” Arctic Anthropology 36 (1999)

“The importance of millet in the twelfth century is confirmed by the presence of a large quantity of barnyard millet (Echinochloa utilis)” in the coffins of the first three Northern Fujiwara chieftains, rice being present only in small amounts. (…) For these reasons, it is widely agreed that gold and horses were the most important items in the trade between Hiraizumi [the capital of Northern Fujiwara] and Japan.”

In “Japan considered from the hypothesis of farmer/language spread” it is mentioned that, unlike continental millet, the barnyard millet was a horticultural crop of the Jomon period.

Interestingly, no rice remains (or ceramic rice seed imitations, found in some other kofun tombs) are being reported from the mentioned burial mound on the Mount Abu (Abuyama Kofun), which is the presumable grave of Asuka period nobleman Fujiwara no Kamatari.